One of the main challenges with metadata on-chain is that it can be fractured and spread across many different nodes. This can make it difficult to track or verify the data, as it may not be stored in a single location or in a standardized format. Additionally, it can be difficult to develop standards for how metadata should be used on a layer-1 blockchain network.
Most layer-1 blockchain networks have substantial constraints on block size. This means that the amount of data that can be stored on each block is limited, which can make it challenging to include metadata as part of each transaction. As a result, metadata may need to be stored separately, potentially on multiple nodes, which can make tracking and verifying the data more difficult.
Another challenge with metadata on-chain is that it can be difficult to ensure its accuracy and validity. As the data is spread across multiple nodes, there is a risk that some nodes may not have the most up-to-date or accurate information. This can be particularly problematic in situations where metadata is critical, such as in supply chain management or identity verification.
In conclusion, the challenges with metadata on-chain include fragmentation and lack of standardization, limited block size, and potential issues with accuracy and validity. Addressing these challenges will require ongoing research and development to create more efficient and effective solutions for managing metadata on blockchain networks.